I have export PATH="$PATH:/opt/local/bin" in /root/.bashrc and /root/.profile (nothing else in /root/.profile) and /bin/bash is the login shell for root in /etc/passwd. Yet invoking sudo -i (which according to man sudo starts a login shell and should run ~/.profile) causes /opt/local/bin to be absent from PATH according to echo $PATH.
EDIT: invoking bash explicitly causes /root/.bashrc to be sourced.
The output of sudo grep 'export PATH=' /root/.bashrc is
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin" # Add RVM to PATH for scripting
export PATH="$PATH:/opt/local/bin" # MacPorts/etc/sudoers (99 % sure I didn't change anything):
Defaults env_reset
Defaults mail_badpass
Defaults secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL
%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL 11 Reset to default