How is this system different than the old one? Also, what new capabilities does it bring?
1 Answer
Introduced in 1.13, the caret notation ^ denotes the direction relative to the player's head rotation. Like the tilde notation ~, it can be used in any command that supports relative coordinates.
The general syntax is ^<left> ^<up> ^<forward>. Use negative values to specify the opposite direction. Using /tp as an example, to teleport a player 5 blocks to his/her right hand side, execute the command /tp ^-5 ^ ^.
Refer to Minecraft wiki.
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