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Adding an .env file to React Project

Michael Hansen |

I'm trying to hide my API Key for when I commit to github, and I've looked through the forum for guidance, especially the following post:

How do I hide API key in create-react-app?

I made the changes and restarted yarn. I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong––I added an .env file to the root of my project (I named it process.env) and in the file I just put REACT_APP_API_KEY = 'my-secret-api-key'.

I'm thinking it might be the way I'm adding the key to my fetch in App.js, and I've tried multiple formats, including without using the template literal, but my project will still not compile.

Any help is much appreciated.

performSearch = (query = 'germany') => { fetch(`) .then(response => response.json()) .then(responseData => { this.setState({ results: responseData.results, loading: false }); }) .catch(error => { console.log('Error fetching and parsing data', error); });
}
7

12 Answers

4 steps

  1. npm install dotenv --save

  2. Next add the following line to your app.

    require('dotenv').config()

  3. Then create a .env file at the root directory of your application and add the variables to it.

// contents of .env
REACT_APP_API_KEY = 'my-secret-api-key'
  1. Finally, add .env to your .gitignore file so that Git ignores it and it never ends up on GitHub.

If you are using create-react-app then you only need step 3 and 4 but keep in mind variable needs to start with REACT_APP_ for it to work.

Reference:

NOTE - Need to restart application after adding variable in .env file.

Reference -

22

So I'm myself new to React and I found a way to do it.

This solution does not require any extra packages.

Step 1 ReactDocs

In the above docs they mention export in Shell and other options, the one I'll attempt to explain is using .env file

1.1 create Root/.env

#.env file
REACT_APP_SECRET_NAME=secretvaluehere123

Important notes it MUST start with REACT_APP_

1.2 Access ENV variable

#App.js file or the file you need to access ENV
<p>print env secret to HTML</p>
<pre>{process.env.REACT_APP_SECRET_NAME}</pre>
handleFetchData() { // access in API call fetch(`) .then((res) => res.json()) .then((data) => console.log(data))
}

1.3 Build Env Issue

So after I did step 1.1|2 it was not working, then I found the above issue/solution. React read/creates env when is built so you need to npm run start every time you modify the .env file so the variables get updated.

15

Today there is a simpler way to do that.

Just create the .env.local file in your root directory and set the variables there. In your case:

REACT_APP_API_KEY = 'my-secret-api-key'

Then you call it in your js file in the following way:

process.env.REACT_APP_API_KEY

React supports environment variables since react-scripts@0.5.0 .You don't need external package to do that.

*note: I propose .env.local instead of .env because create-react-app add this file to gitignore when create the project.

Files priority:

npm start: .env.development.local, .env.development, .env.local, .env

npm run build: .env.production.local, .env.production, .env.local, .env

npm test: .env.test.local, .env.test, .env (note .env.local is missing)

More info:

4

Webpack Users

If you are using webpack, you can install and use dotenv-webpack plugin, to do that follow steps below:

Install the package

yarn add dotenv-webpack

Create a .env file

// .env
API_KEY='my secret api key'

Add it to webpack.config.js file

// webpack.config.js
const Dotenv = require('dotenv-webpack');
module.exports = { ... plugins: [ new Dotenv() ] ...
};

Use it in your code as

process.env.API_KEY

For more information and configuration information, visit here

7

1. Create the .env file on your root folder

some sources prefere to use .env.development and .env.production but that's not obligatory.

2. The name of your VARIABLE -must- begin with REACT_APP_YOURVARIABLENAME

it seems that if your environment variable does not start like that so you will have problems

3. Include your variable

to include your environment variable just put on your code process.env.REACT_APP_VARIABLE

You don't have to install any external dependency

5

Steps to use environment variables in a CREATE REACT APP (Without dotenv package)

  • Create a new file called .env in the root folder of the project (NOT inside src folder but one level up. Remember, it should be at the same level as package.json (THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT)

  • Define your variables like so (Note that every variable you define should start with REACT_APP_)

    Example : .env file

    REACT_APP_ACCESS_KEY=8Sh9ZLwZevicWC-f_lmHvvyMu44cg3yZBU

    Note: You don't have to enclose the value in "" or ''

  • Now you can use the variable in any of your components like so

    const apiKey = process.env.REACT_APP_ACCESS_KEY

    The name should match the key given in the .env file

  • Now before you try this out, always remember to restart the local server. Once you run npm start it works. This step applies whenever you make changes to the .env file. We generally forget this step so it might not work.

  • Optionally, check if .env entry is present in .gitignore file. If the entry of .env exists in .gitignore then your .env file will not be pushed to github(This is the reason why we use .env in the first place).

2
  1. Install dotenv as devDependencies:
npm i --save-dev dotenv
  1. Create a .env file in the root directory:
my-react-app/
|- node-modules/
|- public/
|- src/
|- .env
|- .gitignore
|- package.json
|- package.lock.json.
|- README.md
  1. Update the .env file like below & REACT_APP_ is the compulsory prefix for the variable name.
REACT_APP_BASE_URL=
REACT_APP_API_KEY=YOUR-API-KEY
  1. [ Optional but Good Practice ] Now you can create a configuration file to store the variables and export the variable so can use it from others file.

For example, I've create a file named base.js and update it like below:

export const BASE_URL = process.env.REACT_APP_BASE_URL;
export const API_KEY = process.env.REACT_APP_API_KEY;
  1. Or you can simply just call the environment variable in your JS file in the following way:
process.env.REACT_APP_BASE_URL
6

You have to install npm install env-cmd

Make .env in the root directory and update like this & REACT_APP_ is the compulsory prefix for the variable name.

REACT_APP_NODE_ENV="production"
REACT_APP_DB=""

Update package.json

 "scripts": { "start": "env-cmd react-scripts start", "build": "env-cmd react-scripts build", "test": "react-scripts test", "eject": "react-scripts eject" }
1

If in case you are getting the values as undefined, then you should consider restarting the node server and recompile again.

I want to explain well how to solve this problem to prevent the undefined issues:

  • First, Adding Development Environment Variables In .env is available with react-scripts@0.5.0 and higher. This means u do not have to install anything 😃.
  • Second create your .env file or .env_developement file or whatever and place ur variable but and this is the big but add REACT_APP_ to each variable name for ex REACT_APP_API_KEY= "secret_key_here". Without adding REACT_APP_ you will get undefined issue.
  • Now, You can simply use this variable process.env.REACT_APP_VARIBALE_NAME. for ex: const API_KEY = process.env.REACT_APP_API_KEY.
  • Finally, we solved this miserable situation 😇.

The everyone got undefined the solution is put your .env file in root directiory such as

  • project-name/
  • src
  • .env

Dont Create in src Folder create in root directory of your app

It think u guys created file in src folder because i also created there only... Then only i realised it is wrong so create .env file in outer of src It will Works

0

You have to run npm start again once you setup the environmental variable. That was the missing part for me. .env variables do not get update on auto reloading

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